Makam and Usul

Course Description

Summary

This music theory course will introduce students to the art of makam, the melodic system of Ottoman Turkish music, and usul, its rhythmic counterpart. The course is designed to assist students in understanding makam (a melodic mode) and usul (a rhythmic cycle) in multiple ways. We will primarily learn through the meshk system, an Ottoman music educational method based on careful listening, observation, imitation, and memorization. By singing and playing a range of vocal and instrumental pieces, we will study a number of makams and usuls. We will pay special attention to phrasing. Through the more experiential approach of singing and playing short musical phrases, the character, sound, and atmosphere of each makam will gradually become familiar to us. We will also explore different compositional forms, improvisation, vocal and instrumental ornamentation and performance practice, microtonality, notation, Ottoman composers, and the relationship of melody and lyrics. The course will culminate with a concert of pieces that we have learned during the term.